1. SylabUZ
2. Wydział Lekarski i Nauk o Zdrowiu
3. semestr zimowy 2023/2024
4. WLiNZ - oferta ERASMUS / Lekarski - jednolite magisterskie sześcioletnie
5. Microbiology

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Microbiology - opis przedmiotu

Cel przedmiotu

The education aims to provide knowledge about the physiological microflora of the organism and types of pathogenic microorganisms, the methodology of microbiological tests, and the interpretation of results. The student acquires the ability to follow the rules of microbiological and serological diagnostics. Becomes familiar with collecting, storing, and sending material for microbial tests. Develops the basics needed to forecast rational antibiotic therapy. The student gets acquainted with the mechanisms of microbial resistance to drugs and methods of determining the most critical resistance mechanisms to antimicrobial medicines and learns the options for preventing and fighting infections (disinfection, sterilisation, asepsis, antibiotic therapy, and preventive vaccinations).

Wymagania wstępne

Zapisz zmiany

Knowledge of molecular biology, cytophysiology, and biochemistry

Zakres tematyczny

 I. Lecture:

  1. Morphology, physiology, and methods of bacterial classification.

  2. Genome of bacteria. The basis of genetic variation and transfer of genetic material.

  3. Pathogenesis of bacterial infections. The relationship between bacterial pathogenic properties, cell structure, and metabolic properties (bacterial toxins, enzymes).

  4. Etiological factors of bacterial infections in humans: (gram-positive and gram-negative cocci, gram-negative rods, gram-positive bacilli sporulating and non-sporulating, anaerobic bacteria, mycobacteria, spirochetes, actinomycetes, mycoplasmas, chlamydia, rickettsiae).

  5. Epidemiology and prophylaxis of bacterial infections. Antibacterial vaccines.

  6. Antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents: groups, mechanisms of action, antibacterial spectrum

  7. Mechanisms of bacterial resistance to antibiotics.

  8. Features of virus structure and replication. Classification criteria of viruses pathogenic for humans. Biological and pathogenic properties of DNA and RNA viruses. The pathomechanism of viral infections.

  9. Viral etiological factors of human infections - DNA viruses: viruses with double-stranded (ds) DNA: Adenoviridae, Herpesviridae, Papillomaviridae, Polyomaviridae, Poxviridae; single-stranded (ss) DNA viruses: Parvoviridae.

10. RNA viruses: double-stranded (ds) RNA viruses: Reoviridae; single-stranded RNA viruses with positive polarity (+) ssRNA: Coronaviridae, Flaviviridae, Hepeviridae, Picornaviridae, Togaviridae; single-stranded RNA viruses of negative polarity (-) ssRNA: Filoviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae;
Reverse transcription single-strand (+) ssRNA viruses: Retroviridae;  reverse transcription single-strand (+) ssRNA viruses: Retroviridae;  reverse transcription in viruses with double-stranded (ds) DNA: Hepadnaviridae.

11. Epidemiology and prevention of viral infections. Antiviral vaccines.

12. Morphology and physiology of fungi. Criteria for the classification of pathogenic fungi for humans.

13. Pathogenesis of fungal infections and etiological factors of mycoses: yeast-like fungi, filamentous fungi (moulds), dermatophytes, dimorphic fungi.

14. Epidemiology and prevention of mycoses.

15. Fungi as allergens. Mycotoxins and mycotoxicoses.

 II. Seminar:

1. Physiological flora of the human body. Endogenous infections.

2. Infections of the skin and soft tissues.

3 Infections of the respiratory system. The review of the most critical pathogens in selected disease entities: sinusitis, angina, laryngitis, and pneumonia. The principles of material collecting for microbiological tests, basics of microbiological diagnostics, and recommended treatment.

4. Infections of the genitourinary system. The review of the most important urogenital pathogens in selected disease entities: urinary tract inflammation (UTI), sexually transmitted diseases (STD). Principles of collecting biological material for microbiological tests, the basics of diagnostics, and recommended treatment.

5. Infections of the digestive system. The review of the most critical pathogens in selected disease entities: food poisoning, infectious diarrhoea, bacterial dysentery, abdominal distension, cholera, mucositis, and gastric ulcer. Principles of collecting biological material for microbiological research, basics of microbiological diagnostics, recommended treatment.

6. Infections of the nervous system and blood. The overview of the most critical pathogens in selected CNS disease entities (meningitis and encephalitis). The pathogens in sepsis. Principles of material collecting for microbiological tests, basic microbiological diagnostics, and recommended treatment.

III. Laboratory classes

 1. Organizational matters; Health and Safety. Bacterial cell morphology and staining methods. Bacterial colony morphology.

 2. Sterilization, disinfection, and asepsis: principles and methods of disinfection and sterilisation, methods of sterilisation process control, principles of proper antiseptics.

 3. Basics of bacteriological diagnostics. Methods of breeding bacteria on artificial growth media. Isolation and selected methods of bacteria identification.

 4. Gram-positive cocci (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus) and Gram-positive bacilli.

 5. Mycobacterium and actinomycetes; Corynebacterium and other gram-positive bacilli.

 6. Fermenting and non-fermenting gram-negative rods. Anaerobic gram-negative bacteria.

 7. Gram-negative cocci and Gram-negative small rods.

 8. Atypical bacteria (Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma, Chlamydia, Chlamydophila). Spiral bacteria (Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira, Helicobacter).

 9. Antibiotics: Mechanisms of action, antibacterial spectrum. Mechanisms of resistance.

10. Yeast-like and mould fungi.

11. Viral infections. Principles of laboratory diagnosis of viral diseases. Serological and molecular diagnostics. The use of bacteriophages in antimicrobial therapy.

Metody kształcenia

Laboratory classes in groups of 8-10 people in a research microbiology laboratory. Students prepare preparations, recognise pathogens under the microscope, assess antibiotic sensitivity, and propose therapy. Seminar for the dean's group (15-20 students) in the form of a multimedia presentation and discussion. Lectures for the entire semester in the form of a multimedia presentation.

Efekty uczenia się i metody weryfikacji osiągania efektów uczenia się

Opis efektu	Symbole efektów	Metody weryfikacji	Forma zajęć

Warunki zaliczenia

Preparation for laboratory classes and seminars is verified in oral or written form at the beginning of the classes. The condition for passing the laboratories is obtaining positive grades from the partial tests. The requirement for passing the seminars is to get positive marks from the partial tests. During the controlled classes (laboratory classes, seminars), two excused absences are allowed (e.g. sick leave), which are subject to a written test in the scope of the subject of the performed classes, on a date agreed with the teacher.
 
The condition for admission to the exam is the positive completion of laboratory classes and seminars. The final exam is a test with 100 tasks, including closed and open; the condition for passing is obtaining at least 60% of the possible points. The grades for partial tests (laboratory exercises and seminars) and the grade for the exam are determined under the principle: 94-100% - very good (5.0); 85-93% - a good plus (4.5); 76-84% - good (4.0); 68-75% -  more than satisfactory (3.5); 60-67% - satisfactory mark (3.0), 0-59% unsatisfactory (2.0). The course's final grade is the arithmetic mean of all the forms provided for the course (laboratory classes, seminars, and exams). The mean results are determined under the principle: mean 3.25 - final grade 3.5; mean 3.75 is the final score of 4.0; mean 4.25 is the final score of 4.5; the mean 4.75 is the final score of 5.0.         

 

Literatura podstawowa

1. Medical Microbiology, Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg's, The McGraw-Hill Companies, 26 Edition

       2.     Microbiology a clinical approach, A. Strelkauskas, A. Edwards, B. Fahnert, G. Pryor,
              J. Trelkauskas, Wyd.: Garlang Science, Second Edition, wyd. 2016 rok

 

Literatura uzupełniająca

Uwagi

Zmodyfikowane przez dr hab. Katarzyna Baldy-Chudzik, prof. UZ (ostatnia modyfikacja: 11-05-2023 11:18)