SylabUZ
| Nazwa przedmiotu | Ecophysiology |
| Kod przedmiotu | 13.9-WB-P-Ecop-S20 |
| Wydział | Wydział Nauk Biologicznych |
| Kierunek | WNB - oferta ERASMUS |
| Profil | - |
| Rodzaj studiów | Program Erasmus |
| Semestr rozpoczęcia | semestr zimowy 2024/2025 |
| Semestr | 1 |
| Liczba punktów ECTS do zdobycia | 2 |
| Typ przedmiotu | obowiązkowy |
| Język nauczania | angielski |
| Sylabus opracował |
|
| Forma zajęć | Liczba godzin w semestrze (stacjonarne) | Liczba godzin w tygodniu (stacjonarne) | Liczba godzin w semestrze (niestacjonarne) | Liczba godzin w tygodniu (niestacjonarne) | Forma zaliczenia |
| Laboratorium | 15 | 1 | - | - | Zaliczenie na ocenę |
| Wykład | 15 | 1 | - | - | Zaliczenie na ocenę |
The aim of the program course is to familiarize students with the aspects of ecological physiology and the application and use of available biotechnological methods in the fight against environmental diseases and various forms of anthropogenic activity. Students become familiar with the meaning and practical application of ecophysiological and biotechnological phenomena and processes in medicine. During the course, the aspects directly related to ecophysiological determinants (mainly immunological, genetic, biochemical, biogeochemical) of environmental diseases (according to WHO criteria) and their effectiveness are analyzed: anthropogenic activities, biotechnological control of pathophysiological changes and parasites, somatic therapies and genes, the use of ecophysiological processes and biotechnology in the regulation of pathophysiological states, medical and environmental conditions of pathophysiological changes (environmental diseases). Important aspects, constituting the scope of the lectures and seminar deliberations within the subject, are important for the proper interpretation of this subject.
Before starting the studies, the student should have knowledge and skills in the field of the basics of medicine, the basics of biology, ecology, biotechnology and chemistry.
The subject is to provide students with theoretical knowledge in the field of comprehensively understood medical, ecophysiological and biotechnological aspects used in the fight against environmental diseases and in the field of medical biotechnology. Important aspects for the proper interpretation of this issue are the basic aspects constituting the scope of lectures and seminars within the subject:
The use of ecological and biotechnological methods in medicine, agriculture, industry and environmental protection. Selected examples of the use of ecophysiological methods related to human health. Biogeochemical processes in the environment and their relationship with the state of the organism. The influence of the atmosphere on human health. Chain photochemical reactions. The impact of radiation on the health and condition of the organism. Atmospheric aerosol participation in ion transfer and effects in the organism. Medical and ecophysiological aspects of biogeochemical reactions in the hydrosphere. The influence of biogeochemical processes in the lithosphere on shaping the health and condition of the human organism.
Waste as a source of environmental pollution and the state of the organism's condition (waste disposal, methods of reducing the amount of waste, biotechnologies and recovery of raw materials and energy from waste in terms of human health). Application of biotechnological methods in medicine and human ecophysiology.
The use of an appropriate methodology for regulating the physiological states of the cell. Interaction of chloro- and phospho-organic compounds. The use of biodegradable microorganisms in the human trophic chain. Medical and environmental aspects, conditioned by parasite infestations in humans (parasitic invasion control, antiparasitic drugs and their mechanisms of action, parasite resistance and the causes of its formation, drug resistance mechanisms, methods of drug resistance detection, immuno-prophylaxis of parasitic invasions in humans). Vaccines against parasites - biotechnological methods of fighting parasites. Gene preparations and gene therapy (genotherapy). The use of stem cells. Biotechnological methods of identification and control of parasites in water and soil.
Medical, physiological and biochemical aspects of the human organism's defense against toxic substances. Selection, absorption and formation of complexes containing metals (bioavailability of metal ions). Toxic heavy metals. Enzymes involved in detoxification. Regulation of detoxification genes. Generation and use of metal ion concentration gradients. Generation of ion gradients. Ion transport through ion channels. Binding of metal ions and complexes with active centers of biomolecules. The selection and incorporation of metal ions into the active sites of proteins. Binding of metal ions and complexes with nucleic acids. Promotion of metal-ligand interactions by biopolymers. The role of reactive oxygen species as substrates of enzymatic reactions. Non-enzymatic defense reactions of the organism to environmental stress. The importance of stress proteins in the defense processes of living organisms. Lipoperoxidation as a defense mechanism against environmental stressors. Induction of protein biosynthesis by reactive oxygen species. The changes in the correct coding of protein and enzyme systems. Reactive oxygen species as mediators and regulators of metabolic pathways.
Mechanisms of the organism's defense against reactive oxygen species (stress proteins, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants). Monooxygenases, cytochromes, phosphatases. The importance of lipoperoxidation. Fatty acid oxidation. DNA repair mechanisms. Mitochondria and immune mechanisms. The human immune system under various environmental stress conditions. Mechanisms of development of immune (ecophysiological) reactions in degraded environments. The effectiveness of the immune system in defending the organism. Physiological and biochemical methods of human organism's defense against toxic substances. Limits of defense against environmental stressors (external and internal).
The organism's defense against toxicants (oxidative stress, mutagenic effects of reactive oxygen species, the defensive role of reactive oxygen species). Reactive oxygen species and pathological states of the organism. Reactive oxygen species and drugs. Reactive oxygen species and the harmful effects of environmental factors. The use of biotechnological methods in shaping the pro-antioxidant balance of the organism. The role of reactive oxygen species as substrates of enzymatic reactions. Induction of protein biosynthesis and enzyme systems by reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species as mediators and regulators of metabolism. Possibilities of using biotechnology in the regulation of physiological states of the cell.
Biocatalysts; possibilities of use, importance in medicine. Application of biocatalysts in ecophysiology: Biocatalysts as a natural sense organ. Biocatalysts used in food, cosmetics and drug production control. Biocatalysts using electric pulses, electromagnetic waves, ultrasound and selective agents. Mutagen-sensitive biosensors. Biocatalysts of enzymatic electrodes and optodes using fluorescence. Electrochemical converters. Biosensors using cell preparations with a wide range of sensitivity. Chemical biocatalysts in ecotoxicology and pharmacology.
Physiological and medical ecology. Bioenergetics and ecophysiological and medical bioclimatology. Biochemical and ecological interactions of organisms, pathophysiological states. The importance of biogeochemistry in ecophysiology and medicine. Bioaccumulation of elements in the environment; ecophysiological conditions of the condition of the organism. Costs of maintaining heterotrophs, the role of blood, relations with the environment. The influence of the environment through the digestive tract, respiration and skin; determinants of the condition of the organism. Pathophysiological changes in the organism as ecophysiological reactions to degradation changes in the environment. Absorption and transfer of xenobiotics in the organism. The impact of air pollution on the health and condition of the organism. Adaptations to polluted environments. Biogeochemical transformations in the environment caused by anthropopressure; impact on health and condition of the organism. Influence of water pollution. Radiation problems; radioactive contamination. Noise and vibrations in the environment. The fate of xenobiotics in the organism. Hazardous organic compounds. Factors influencing toxicity. Mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of xenobiotics.
The formation and interaction of chromosomal mutations and genetic polymorphisms. Kidney, liver and lung ecophysiology in the face of environmental threats. Occupational ecotoxicology; ecophysiological conditions of the environment and health. Pro-antioxidant balance of the organism in various environments. Defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. Determinants of oxygen supply and thermoregulation in humans. The importance of pro-antioxidant enzyme systems for shaping the condition of the organism. The influence of biogeochemical barriers on the circulation of matter and energy flow in the organism.
The influence of stress factors on the course of the metabolic pathways. Consequences of changes in the metabolic paths. The importance of the interaction of elements on trophic levels; medical and ecophysiological conditions. Ion transport through ion channels; medical and environmental conditions. The importance of element ions and chemical compounds in shaping the ecophysiological response in humans. Biogeochemical and ecophysiological processes in humans. Medical and environmental conditions of macronutrients. Environmental conditions of parasitic diseases; defense mechanisms. Strategies of human metabolic adaptation to the physicochemical factors of the environment. Ecophysiological biochemistry in the trophic and respiratory chains.
The course of environmental changes depending on the environmental conditions (WHO), i.e. external and internal factors (severe, poor or no response to routine treatment, emergence of new, extremely rare or completely eradicated diseases, diseases with atypical features or in the vaccinated population (genetic modification). Detection and potential significance of the causes and symptoms of environmental diseases in terms of medical, contemporary problems.
Lectures:
1. Biogeochemical processes in the environment and their relationships with the state of the organism.
2. Medical and ecophysiological aspects of biogeochemical reactions in the hydrosphere and in the lithosphere.
3. Application of ecological and biotechnological methods in medicine and human ecology.
4. Medical, physiological and biochemical aspects of the human organism's defense against toxic substances.
5. Mechanisms of the organism's defense against reactive oxygen species (proteins that protect against reactive oxygen species.
6. Biocatalysts: possibilities of use and importance in medicine.
7. Ecophysiological and medical ecology; bioenergetics and ecophysiological and medical bioclimatology.
8. Pathophysiological changes in the organism as ecophysiological reactions to degradation changes in the environment.
9. The influence of water pollution. Radiation problems and radioactive contamination.
10. Physiology of kidneys, liver and lungs in the face of environmental threats.
11. Human immune system under various environmental stress conditions.
12. Ecophysiological reactions to pollution - environmental conditions.
13. Non-enzymatic defense reactions of the organism to environmental stress - the importance of stress proteins in the defense processes of living organisms.
14. Chemical pro-ecological processes in the anthropogenic environments.
15. The course of environmental diseases depending on the determinants of environmental factors.
Seminars:
1. Mechanisms of the influence of the atmosphere on health. Chain photochemical reactions. Influence of radiation.
2. Waste as a source of environmental pollution and the state of the organism's condition.
3. Biotechnological control of parasites and their identification in the environment. The use of biodegradable microorganisms in the trophic chain.
4. Regulation of detoxification genes. Ion transport through ion channels. Promotion of metal-ligand interactions by biopolymers.
5. Reactive oxygen species and pathological states of the organism, harmful effects of environmental factors. The induction of protein biosynthesis and enzyme systems by reactive oxygen species.
6. Biocatalysts as a natural sense organ. Chemical biocatalysts in medicine and pharmacology.
7. Place of biogeochemistry in ecophysiology and medicine. Bioaccumulation of elements - ecophysiological conditions of the condition of the organism.
8. Adaptations to polluted environments. Biogeochemical transformations in the environment caused by anthropopressure.
9. Noise and vibrations in the environment. Hazardous organic compounds
10. Occupational ecotoxicology. Determinants of oxygen supply and thermoregulation in humans. The influence of biogeochemical barriers on the circulation of matter and energy flow; health consequences.
11. Mechanisms of shaping immune reactions in degraded environments. Influence of stress factors on the course and changes in metabolic pathways.
12. The importance of the interaction of elements in the environment; medical and ecophysiological conditions. Ion transport through ion channels. The importance of ions in shaping the ecophysiological response in humans.
13. The induction of protein biosynthesis by environmental stressors. Changes in the correct coding of protein and enzyme systems - physiological consequences.
14. Medical and environmental conditions of macronutrients. The strategies of human metabolic adaptation to the physico-chemical factors of the environment.
15. Detection and significance of the causes and symptoms of pathophysiological changes in the medical aspect; contemporary problems.
Lectures:
- information lecture
- seminar lecture
- didactic discussion
- case studies
Seminars:
- seminars and discussion
- problem seminars
- case studies (a form of didactic discussion)
- parallel auditorium exercises
| Opis efektu | Symbole efektów | Metody weryfikacji | Forma zajęć |
Work during the semester
Oral final credit
Passing threshold:
≥ 60% passed
< 60>
Extended follow-up (scale 0-10;> 50%)
The condition for taking the final oral exam is active participation in all lectures and seminars and a positive assessment of social competences.
Basic literature:
- Waugh A., Grant A. 2014. Anatomy and physiology in Health and Illness. Ross & Wilson, Elsevier, Churchil Livingstone, 12th Ed., N.York-London.
- Wolański N. 2023. Human ecology. PWN, Warsaw, T. I, II.
Supplementary literature:
- van Loon G.W., Duffy S.J. 2007. Environmental chemistry. PWN, Warsaw - Calow P. (ed.). 2004. Handbook of Ecotoxicology. v. 1, 2. Blackwell Sci., Oxford.
- Mutschler E., Geisslinger G., Kroemer H.K., Schafer-Korting M. 2018. Pharmacology and toxicology. Ed. Med. Urban & Partner, Wrocław.
The aim of the course is to familiarize with aspects of ecophysiology in connection with medicine, i.e. the mechanisms and reactions to environmental factors at the organ and cellular level.
We learn about the importance of processes, reactions and phenomena in medicine, physiology and environmental activities to prevent the development of abnormalities.
Detailed aspects directly related to the determinants of ecophysiology and their effectiveness for human health should be used.
For all types of environmental factors, it is important to clarify the steps (mechanisms, reactions, responses):
1. Environmental factor (its consequences for the body, not for the environment!).
2. Physiological effects (mechanisms) at the organ and cellular (subcellular, i.e. molecular) level - mechanisms of changes under the influence of a given factor:
● what are the stages of action of the factor (does it cause changes in the genome – what (epigenetic mechanisms – ?) – ?
● formation of detailed genetic polymorphisms – ?
● are they genotoxic, do they cause disorders in the biosynthesis of proteins and enzyme systems and changes in the functions they govern – ?
● how do non-enzymatic systems react to these interdependencies – what kind ?
3. Ecophysiological reactions (mechanisms) of the body (cell) and whether these mechanisms have a chance of success (what chance and what possibilities ?).
4. Schematic diagrams of the operation of ecophysiological mechanisms, especially at the cellular and molecular (submolecular) levels, and their subsequent effects at the organ and cellular levels.
5. Medical and biotechnological countermeasures.
● what are examples of gene expression under the influence of selected ecological factors (according to WHO) – which ones ?
● what specific genetic (or other) polymorphisms are responsible for further destabilization of protein (enzymatic) systems – which ones ?
● what are some examples of functions changed by these changed (specific) protein (enzymatic) systems – which ones ?
● what pathophysiological (histopathological) effects occur as a result of the incorrect operation of changed specific protein (enzymatic) systems (e.g. what ?)
● how do non-enzymatic systems react to these interdependencies – what effects ?
Please take into account the stages of the body's reaction to the selected factor and its components (in order: epigenetic processes, polymorphisms, coding of protein (enzymatic) and non-enzymatic systems, destabilization of functions generated by these systems, pathophysiological changes).
Of course, our goal is not to describe diseases !
Proposed bibliographic sources for choosing a topic:
On-line reading room of the Medical Library of the CM UMK (or as appropriate on the website of Library of University of Zielona Góra):
- EBSCO (USOS, Central Login Point, University Library Catalog): http://www.biblio.cm.umk.pl/index.php?id=czytelnia_online
National Center for Biotechnology Information
advances science and health by providing access to biomedical and genomic information: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
Bibliography (optional):
- Monahan S.E. 2003. Environmental chemistry. Brooks & Cole Pub. Comp. Monterey, CA, USA.
- Smith E.J. 2006. Biotechnology. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
- Walsh G. 2004. Biopharmaceuticals. Biochemistry and Biotechnology. J.Wiley & Sons, N.York.
- Waugh A., Grant A. 2014. Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness. Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier Sci., Edinburgh, London, N. York, Oxford, Philadelphia, St. Louis, Sydney, Toronto, 485 pp.
- Renneberg R., Berkling V., Loroch V. 2016. Biotechnology for Beginners., Elsevier Sci.& Technol., 458 pp.
- Russell McDDowell L. 2003. Minerals in animal and human nutrition. Acad. Press, San Diego, N.York, Boston, London, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, 524 pp.
- Mutschler E. 2016. Farmacology and Toxicology. MedPharm, Elsevier.
- Altman R.B., Flockhart D., Goldstein D.B. (Red.) 2012. Principles of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics. Cambridge Univ. Press.
Zmodyfikowane przez dr Elżbieta Roland (ostatnia modyfikacja: 06-04-2024 13:11)
